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Ijen Crater SulfurHolocene
Traditional sulfur mining
Traditional sulfur mining1/4

Ijen Crater Sulfur

Ijen Crater, Banyuwangi–Bondowoso, East Java
MineralHoloceneGEO-04

Volcanic gas from fumaroles condenses into liquid sulfur that solidifies yellow. It is mined by hand, and miners carry it up from the crater floor.

Mineral

Rock-forming minerals

Main mineralsSulfur (S)Accessory mineralsGypsumAlunite

Details

Dive into the details

Rock
Rock typeNative sulfur
TextureCrystalline to massive
ColorBright yellow, red when molten
Grain sizeFine to medium crystals
Fine
Medium
Coarse
Lapilli
Block
Age & Geology
Era · PeriodCenozoic · Holocene (still forming)
AgePresent day
MesozoicCenozoic
TriassicJurassicCretaceousPaleogeneNeogeneQuaternary
252 Matoday
FormationIjen Caldera Complex
Tectonic settingHydrothermal activity of an active volcano in the Sunda arc
Uses
Typical useRaw material for sugar refining, fertilizer, matches and cosmetics
Present dayMineral | Ijen Crater Sulfur